![]() These scaffolds serve as a great platform for organ bioengineering as the preserve the organ’s threedimensional blueprint. Decellularized whole-organ scaffolds can be obtained from virtually any organ in the body, while preserving the specific microarchitecture of the extracellular matrix. KEY POINTS New technologies for organ replacement in patients with end-stage organ failure are needed to overcome the difficulties encountered with allogeneic organ transplantation, namely, donor shortage and life-long immunosuppression. Organogenesis and organ regeneration and repair after transplantation Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited. Ott, MD, 185 Cambridge Street, CPZN 4800, Boston, MA 02114. End-stage organ failure greatly impacts quality of life and represents a huge burden to society as it impairs the performance of daily activities, affects employment and increases healthcare expenditure.Ī Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, bHarvard Medical School, cCenter for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and dHarvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USAĬorrespondence to Harald C. Nearly 13 million Americans, resulting in 135 000 deaths annually an estimated 3.5–5.3 million Americans are chronically infected with hepatitis B or C additionally, ESRD is prevalent in nearly 600 000 persons, with 65% of these cases needing hemodialysis and more than 100 000 new cases reported annually. In the USA, more than 5 million adults suffer from heart failure, with approximately 670 000 new cases diagnosed annually, resulting in more than 56 000 deaths chronic obstructive pulmonary disease affects The common clinical pathway leading to mortality for the majority of patients is the irreversible process of end-stage organ failure. Additionally, life expectancy is growing, and it is anticipated that by the year 2050 at least 16% of the world’s population will be at least 65 years old. raised fasting blood glucose, high blood pressure, obesity and smoking) remains at alarming high numbers worldwide. Incidence of these conditions is expected to increase, as the prevalence of risk factors (i.e. INTRODUCTION According to the WHO, cardiovascular disease and diabetes are the leading causes of mortality in adults between the ages of 30 and 70 years, resulting in 245 deaths per 100 000 population whereas chronic respiratory conditions come third after cancer at a rate of 52 deaths per 100 000 population. Keywords bioartificial organs, regeneration, stem cells, tissue scaffolds, transplantation However, many challenges remain on the way to producing an autologous, fully functional organ that can be transplanted similar to a donor organ. Important milestones have been achieved in organ bioengineering with the use of decellularized scaffolds. ![]() Summary The search for alternatives to allogeneic organ transplantation continues. ![]() Finally, this technology needs to be scaled up to human size to be of clinical relevance. Pluripotent stem cells seem to hold promise as the ideal regenerative cells to be used with this approach but the techniques to effectively and reliably manipulate their fate are still to be discovered. However, the function exhibited by bioengineered organs has been rudimentary. Important advances have occurred in organ bioengineering using decellularized scaffolds in small animal models. Recent findings Perfusion-decellularization is the most consistent method to obtain decellularized whole-organ scaffolds to serve as a platform for organ bioengineering. Recent progress in the field of organ bioengineering based on decellularized organ scaffolds and patient-derived cells holds great promise to address these issues. Purpose of review Patients suffering from end-stage organ failure requiring organ transplantation face donor organ shortage and adverse effect of chronic immunosuppression. Decellularized scaffolds as a platform for bioengineered organs Luis F.
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